[Preliminary application of antibiotic bone cement directly inducing skin regeneration technology in repairing of wound in lateral toe flap donor area].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of antibiotic bone cement directly inducing skin regeneration technology in the repairing of wound in the lateral toe flap donor area. Methods: Between June 2020 and February 2023, antibiotic bone cement directly inducing skin regeneration technology was used to repair lateral toe flap donor area in 10 patients with a total of 11 wounds, including 7 males and 3 females. The patients' age ranged from 21 to 63 years, with an average of 40.6 years. There were 3 cases of the distal segment of the thumb, 2 cases of the distal segment of the index finger, 1 case of the middle segment of the index and middle fingers, 1 case of the distal segment of the middle finger, and 3 cases of the distal segment of the ring finger. The size of the skin defect of the hand ranged from 2.4 cm×1.8 cm to 4.3 cm×3.4 cm. The disease duration ranged from 1 to 15 days, with an average of 6.9 days. The flap donor sites were located at fibular side of the great toe in 5 sites, tibial side of the second toe in 5 sites, and tibial side of the third toe in 1 site. The skin flap donor site wounds could not be directly sutured, with 2 cases having exposed tendons, all of which were covered with antibiotic bone cement. Results: All patients were followed up 6 months to 2 years, with an average of 14.7 months. All the 11 flaps survived and had good appearance. The wound healing time was 40-72 days, with an average of 51.7 days. There was no hypertrophic scar in the donor site, which was similar to the color of the surrounding normal skin; the appearance of the foot was good, and wearing shoes and walking of the donor foot were not affected. Conclusion: It is a feasible method to repair the wound in the lateral foot flap donor area with the antibiotic bone cement directly inducing skin regeneration technology. The wound heals spontaneously, the operation is simple, and there is no second donor site injury.

Syndactylized glabrous flaps for multiple finger palmar defects.

BACKGROUND: Palmar finger or pulp defects require coverage with glabrous tissue to achieve a good match with the lost tissue. The management of multiple finger palmar or pulp defects is challenging because these defects may not always be suitable for local or pedicled flaps. In such situations, syndactylizing free or pedicled flaps can be used. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the results of free glabrous flaps syndactylizing across multiple finger defects. The two flaps used were the superficial branch of the radial artery (SUPBRA) flap and hypothenar free flap. Seven syndactylized glabrous free flaps were used to cover the defects in 16 fingers. The functional results and complaints were also assessed. RESULTS: Mean flap size was 14.35 cm2. Six flaps survived. Postoperative evaluation data were obtained for the 13 fingers. All the patients returned to their previous work. All patients had a diminished protective sensation of at least 4.31 according to the SWM test. The mean two-point discrimination score of the patients was 9.9 mm (7-14). One finger had a PIP joint flexion contracture of 30°, no donor-site complaints were observed. CONCLUSION: The advantages of these flaps include single operation site, strong glabrous tissue coverage, low risk of flexion contracture, and adequate tissue size for large defects. Disadvantages include two-stage and complex microsurgical operations, prolonged treatment, and hospital stay.

Acute calcific periarthritis in a proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand after acute trauma: a rare case.

Acute calcific periarthritis (ACP) in the interphalangeal joints of the hand is rare, with less than 100 cases reported. A rare case of ACP in a proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the hand, in a young black woman, after acute trauma, is presented. She experienced severe pain and limited range of motion, and was medicated with an oral corticoid, which was followed by a rapid resolution of the symptoms. At six months, there were no signs of clinical or radiographic recurrence. Recognition of ACP allows for avoiding unnecessary treatments. In this case, treatment with corticoids might have played a role in a faster recovery.

La periartritis calcificada aguda (PCA) en las articulaciones interfalángicas de la mano es rara, con menos de 100 casos reportados. Se presenta un caso raro de PCA en una articulación interfalángica proximal (IFP) de la mano, en una mujer joven de raza negra, después de un traumatismo agudo. Experimentó dolor intenso y rango de movimiento limitado, y fue medicada con un corticoide oral, lo que fue seguido por una rápida resolución de los síntomas. A los seis meses no hubo signos de recurrencia clínica ni radiológica. El reconocimiento de PCA permite evitar tratamientos innecesarios. En este caso, el tratamiento con corticoides podría haber contribuido a una recuperación más rápida.

U-shaped kirschner wire transfixation: effective treatment for Skier's thumb.

BACKGROUND: Skier's thumb is a type of injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb, which can result in bone fragmentation and joint instability. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the traditional Kirschner wire fixation method with the U-shaped Kirschner wire method for treating small bone fragments with displacement, rotation, or instability in skier's fractures. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 30 patients with skier's thumb who were treated at Tianjin Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A received traditional Kirschner wire fixation, while Group B received U-shaped Kirschner wire fixation. Functional assessments and complications during the perioperative period were evaluated. RESULTS: Both surgical methods significantly reduced postoperative pain and increased joint range of motion. Group B had a lower incidence of pain during follow-up and showed significant functional improvement in Tip-pinch and Grip tests compared to Group A. U-shaped Kirschner wire fixation significantly reduced complications during the perioperative period. CONCLUSION: The U-shaped Kirschner wire internal fixation is a safe and effective treatment for the thumb proximal phalanx base ulnar side avulsion fracture.

Application of Digital Artery Transposition in the Replantation of Severed Fingers with Vessel Defects and its Influence on Nerve Function and Joint Function Recovery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of digital artery transposition in replanting severed fingers with vascular defects and its impact on nerve and joint function recovery. METHODS: 200 patients who received replantation of severed fingers were randomly divided into artery transposition group (n = 100) and vein transplantation group (n = 100). The digital artery transposition technique was used in the artery transposition group, and the autologous vein bridging technique was used in the vein transplantation group. The clinical efficacy and survival rate of severed fingers were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The clinical excellent and good rate in artery transposition group was significantly higher than that in vein transplantation group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The transposition of digital artery is effective and safe in replantation of severed fingers with vascular defects.

Secondary Intention Healing for Fingertip Amputations in a Tropical Climate.

Background: Various studies have examined occlusive dressings in fingertip amputations and reported good outcomes. Occlusive dressing preserves appropriate pH, cell accumulation and moisture for healing, thereby limiting scar formation and deformity. To our knowledge, no study was performed in tropical Asia. This study aims to demonstrate the viability of healing fingertip amputations through secondary intention using an effective dressing technique, even in warm tropical climates. Methods: All patients who presented to our institution with fingertip amputations from 1 July 2020 to 31 July 2022 were analysed retrospectively. Seventeen patients (15 male, 2 female) of mean age 37.2 ± 9.4 years old with 18 injured digits were retrospectively analysed. Twelve (66.7%) were Allen Type III injuries, and one patient required distal phalangeal K-wire fixation. During the patient's final review, static 2-point discrimination, pulp sensation, fingertip contour and nail deformities alongside the last measured range of motion (ROM) of the injured finger was recorded. Treatment duration and days of leave taken were also summed and assessed. Results: Patients were dressed with semi-occlusive dressing for an average of 20.1 ± 6.83 days. The average total duration of dressing is 36.78 ± 18.88 days over an average of 7.18 ± 4.03 dressing visits. Mean duration of follow-up was 108 ± 63.46 days. Good outcome measures in sensation, pulp contour, nail deformity and ROM similar to existing literature were reported. Conclusions: Occlusive dressing remains a viable and feasible treatment option for fingertip amputation even in a tropical climate. While this simple treatment method may require more effort from patient, wound healing was attained after 36.8 ± 18.9 days of dressing. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic).

Midlateral Approach Replantation of a Distal Phalanx Second Toe Amputation in a 4-Year-Old Child: A Case Report.

CASE: A 4-year-old girl patient presented with complete amputation of the second toe close to the distal interphalangeal joint. Replantation was performed using a novel midlateral approach. The procedure used the dorsal subcutaneous vein on the foot as a graft for the artery. Four months postoperatively, the toe healed without any complication. The patient reported pain-free physical exercise without limitations in daily activity. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates that this approach has the potential to provide a safe and viable alternative for treating toe amputations and offers advantages such as simplified artery identification, straightforward anastomosis, and improved vein graft harvesting.

Outcomes of Pediatric Proximal Phalanx Base Fractures.

INTRODUCTION: Extra-articular juxtaphyseal fractures of the proximal phalanx are among the most common finger fractures in children. Immobilization of the digit for 3 to 4 weeks after reduction of the fracture is the current standard of care. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate outcomes after intervention among pediatric proximal phalanx base fractures and establish radiographic criteria to guide management. METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective review of skeletally immature patients treated for proximal phalanx juxtaphyseal fractures between 2002 and 2019 was conducted. Variables collected included Salter-Harris classification; initial, postreduction, early follow-up, and final angulation and displacement on the posterior-anterior and lateral radiographs; clinical rotational deformity at final follow-up; and method of treatment. Exclusion criteria included less than 3 weeks of follow-up; Salter-Harris III, IV, and V fractures; inadequate medical record details; and missing radiographs. RESULTS: Six hundred thirty-four fractures meeting the inclusion criteria were categorized into no reduction, closed reduction (CR), and surgical (OP) groups. Only CR and OP groups saw large decreases in angulation by 11.8° CR (95% confidence interval, 10.1 to 13.6) and 19.0° OP (95% confidence interval, 8.7 to 29.3). Closed reduction patients had a mean coronal angulation value of 6.1° at post-reduction, which was maintained with immobilization to 5.8° at final follow-up. At final follow-up, scissoring was noted, three in the no reduction and three in the CR group for an overall 0.93% rotational malalignment rate. DISCUSSION: Extra-articular proximal phalanx juxtaphyseal fractures rarely require surgical management and can typically be treated with or without CR, based on the degree of deformity, in the emergency department or clinical setting. Low rates of documented sequelae after nonsurgical management were seen in this cohort, allowing for establishment of treatment parameters that can result in clinically insignificant angular and rotational deformity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

Effects of evidence-based nursing care interventions on wound pain and wound complications following surgery for finger tendon injury.

We conducted this study aimed to examine the impact of evidence-based nursing interventions on postoperative wound pain and complications after surgery for finger tendon injury. A total of 86 patients treated for finger tendon injuries at our hospital from January 2021 to October 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The control group received conventional nursing care, while the experimental group received evidence-based nursing interventions. The study compared the postoperative wound pain intensity, incidence of complications and patient satisfaction with nursing care between the two groups. The analysis revealed that compared with conventional care, evidence-based nursing interventions significantly reduced the level of wound pain (p = 0.034) and the incidence of complications (4.65% vs. 18.60%, p = 0.043). It also increased patient satisfaction with the nursing care (97.67% vs. 83.72%, p = 0.026). The study indicates that the application of evidence-based nursing interventions for patients with finger tendon injuries can reduce postoperative wound pain, decrease the incidence of complications and enhance patient satisfaction with nursing care.

Acute Hand Injury in Surfing: A Case Report.

Hand injuries from surfing tend to be severe and require medical attention. Follow-up of a surfing injury is difficult because many patients are visiting and go home after treatment. We report a case of a surfing hand injury sustained abroad, which was treated upon the patient's return, allowing for follow-up. The mechanism of injury was traction and torsion from the surfboard leash while surfing. The patient was initially treated for nailbed injury but presented later back home after persistent pain, for which an unstable distal phalanx fracture in their right ring finger was found by x-ray. This was surgically reduced with K-wire insertion and nailbed repair. Postoperatively, the injured finger was kept in a splint, and the patient had physiotherapy. Pain was significantly reduced, and the patient regained sufficient function. Considering a fracture as a differential for finger injury caused by the surfboard leash may prevent management delays. Injury may be prevented through education and redesign of the surfboard leash.

Clinical outcomes of reposition flap transfer for fingertip amputation.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe the reposition flap for reconstructing fingertip amputation when replantation is not possible. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with reposition flap transfers and investigated postoperative clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Sixteen patients with fingertip amputations treated with a reposition flap from 2016 to 2020. The mean age at injury was 46 years (range, 26-70 years). Ten cases were treated with oblique triangular advancement flaps, 3 with retrograde-flow digital artery flaps, and 3 with thumb palmar advancement flaps. Postoperative outcomes, including wound healing period and the IP/PIP extension angle, and the presence of grafted bone absorption and patient satisfaction were evaluated as of 3 years after surgery. RESULTS: The average reduction in passive extension angle of the IP/PIP joint was 19°. The average time for complete wound healing was 28 days (range, 18-41 days). The reduction in passive extension angle of the IP/PIP joint was significantly correlated with the wound healing period (r = 0.66, p = 0.01). The absorption of the grafted bone was observed in 3 cases. In these cases, the distal tip of the flap became thin due to flap retraction and an insufficient flap volume. All patients were highly or fairly satisfied with the results of surgery. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that IP/PIP flexion contracture can occur due to delayed wound healing after reposition flap transfer, but the patient satisfaction level was generally high. Therefore, reconstruction using a reposition flap gives acceptable clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction as a result of medium to long-term.

Comparison treatment of medium-sized volar fingertips defects with modified triangular neurovascular unilateral advancement flap versus digital artery dorsal perforator flap.

PURPOSE: The reconstruction of medium-sized soft tissue defects of the fingertip remains a challenge for hand surgeons. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of modified triangular neurovascular unilateral advancement flap and digital artery dorsal perforator flap in the treatment of this injury. METHODS: From May 2018 to May 2022, 70 patients with medium-sized volar soft tissue defects were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups based on the flap type: modified triangular neurovascular unilateral advancement flap (Group A) and digital artery dorsal perforator flap (Group B). The debridement times, defect size, operation time, and flap survival rate were recorded. At follow-up, hand function, aesthetics, and complications were evaluated. Function was evaluated using the TAM score. The aesthetics of the reconstructed and donor sites were assessed using the vancouver scar scale (VSS). The static two-point discrimination of the finger pulp served as a measure of tactile agnosia. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were lost to follow-up for various reasons, resulting in 30 cases remaining in each group. The general information of the two groups showed no significant differences in age, sex, injury side, cause of injury, time from injury to surgery, and operation time (P > 0.05). Additionally, the debridement times and size of the defect were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). However, the operation time was significantly shorter in Group A compared to Group B (P = 0.001). With regard to complications, there was no significant difference between them. At one-month follow-up, TAM scores indicated that Group B performed significantly better than Group A. However, at the final follow-up period, there was no significant difference in TAM scores between the two groups. When considering the VSS, significant differences were observed between the two groups in both the reconstructed site and donor site. CONCLUSION: Both flaps can effectively repair medium-sized fingertip defects. Furthermore, the modified triangular neurovascular unilateral advancement flap offers anatomical reconstruction possibilities, ensuring satisfactory sensation and cosmetic contour.

Overview and management of complications after digital replantations.

The main complications after digital replantation are discussed in this review article. These complications include vascular compromise, infection, partial necrosis, delayed union or nonunion, atrophy and so on. The countermeasures for these complications are reviewed and the authors' methods are also introduced and discussed.

Complications of flexor tendon repair.

This article reviews and highlights complications of flexor tendon repairs. Although the outcomes of flexor tendon repairs have improved over the years, fair or poor functional outcomes are seen, especially in patients whose trauma involves multiple structures of the hand and in zone 5 with multiple tendon lacerations. Rupture of the flexor tendon after repair is no longer a major problem if current repair principles are carefully adhered to. Different degrees of adhesion formations and interphalangeal (IP) joint stiffness still occur in a few patients. Early active postoperative mobilization and use of a shorter splint with sparing of the wrist are effective measures to prevent adhesion formation and IP joint stiffness. Given the overall poor results and high rate of complications with flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) repairs in zone 1, a direct repair of the FDP tendon to any short remnant of the distal insertion with 10-strand or even stronger core suture repair is adopted by many units.

Distal fingertip replantation: indications, strategy and postoperative management.

Distal fingertip replantation is associated with being a technically demanding procedure and dubious outcomes, although it is now performed more frequently across the world. However, the technique and outcomes remain controversial with disagreement among replantation surgeons due to lack of consensus about the indications, intraoperative strategy and postoperative regimes. In this article, we asked six experienced hand surgeons several pertinent questions that every replantation surgeon performing distal fingertip replantation would face in their clinical practice. The article summarizes their responses, which might provide valuable insight to every replantation surgeon in different parts of their career while managing these injuries.

Application of Artificial Dermis Combined With a Medial Flap From the Second Toe to Repair Degloving Injury of the Fingertip.

There is no standard technique for repairing degloving injuries of the fingertip. Nail bed flap transplantation is a common surgical technique to address this injury, but this procedure inevitably damages the donor site in the toe. This article describes a surgical technique that can restore the appearance of the injured fingernail and preserve the length and function of the injured finger without damaging the toenail.